Research on decision making has highlighted the role of emotional and social factors that influence decision making and has, thus, challenged the view of the homo oeconomicus acting merely on rational grounds. I present recent work that extends this view by a more active perspective on the decision maker, investigating whether emotional and social cues can be utilized in a more intentional way to deliberately influence others in social interactions like the classic Ultimatum Game and extended modifications hereof. Thereby, neural correlates as measured by the EEG provide insights into the cognitive processes that may underly decision making. I integrate recent findings in theories on costly altruistic punishment.